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Re: Ontologies for describing Enterprise Architectures



John F. Sowa wrote
> Rich,
>
> I'm glad that you found my pointer to Luc Steels
> helpful.  I've known him for a long time, but I
> must admit that I haven't read all his papers
> as thoroughly as you have.
>
> I really like the quotation you cited:
>
> LS> "The approach we have used for lexicon formation
> > is different from the more traditional Quinean
> > approach.....
>
> Could you please send us the pointer to the
> full paper?

I didn't store the link because his papers are always in either
postscript for PDF format, and the download is too long.
Instead, I copied the papers to a folder where I am now reading
each of them.

I have a folder with about thirty of his papers in it, and can't
seem to find the one that I got that quote from.  I could send
you all 30 papers, but there is a web page I stored in *.mht
format that contains links to all of his papers.  That saved
web page is attached to this email.  I know it works with
Internet Explorer, but I'm not sure if it works with your
favorite browser.  Let me know if you want me to send you
any specific paper, but they are all downloadable from that
*.mht page if it works for you.

> I do have a quibble about the following point:
>
> RC> In my own experience, we learn language easily as
> > children, but have to be taught about generalization,
> > specialization, and other abstractions of language
> > after we have already learned to communicate.
>
> I certainly agree that children don't need to know
> the words "generalization" and "specialization",
> but that doesn't mean they don't use the underlying
> mechanisms in their thinking.

I think its more like Steel describes;  we learn the equivalent
of generalized concepts by listining to other speakers, by
correcting successive approximations through trial and
error, and so on.  The fact that we can classify language
concepts into higher or lower generality boxes seems to
be an artifact of our study of linguistics, but I don't think
the child actually conceptualizes anything related to "more
general" or "more specific", but thats JMHO.



> Children don't learn the words "noun", "verb", and
> "preposition" until they go to school (and even then,
> they forget such words very quickly).  But they
> certainly use nouns, verbs, etc., whenever they talk.

Same reasoning;  I think we observers are the ones who
are classifying in terms of nouns, verbs, etc based on
watching these children learn, but I don't think the
children actually conceptualize the idea of a noun,
verb, etc till, as Piaget described, they reach the age of more
abstract reasoning.

> So I would agree with you that the tools we design
> should not require the users to learn and use all
> (or any)metalanguage about language and ontology.
> Instead, the tools should take advantage of the way
> people ordinarily use language in everyday life.
>
> However, the people who design those tools will need
> to use some very high-powered technical stuff from
> logic, linguistics, ontology, computer science, etc.

That is unarguably correct.  Building good linguistic
programs will require a lot of careful design and
analysis of linguistics.

-Rich


> Bottom line:  An intelligent system designed for
> dummies to use will have to compensate with an
> awful lot of built-in "smarts".
>
> John
>
>


Title: Luc Steels
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Luc Steels

Director, member of the Language group.
Home Page: http://arti.vub.ac.be/steels/

 :: Publications  

Steels, L. The Evolution of Communication Systems by Adaptive Agents. In Alonso, E., D. Kudenko and D. Kazakov, editor, Adaptive Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Lecture Notes in AI (vol. 2636), pages 125-140, Springer Verlag. 2004. [PDF]

Steels, L. The Autotelic Principle. In Fumiya, I., R. Pfeifer, L. Steels, K. Kunyoshi, editor, Embodied AI., Lecture Notes in AI (vol. 3139), Springer Verlag. 2004. [PDF]

Steels, L. Constructivist Development of Grounded Construction Grammars. In Daelemans, W., editor, Proceedings Annual Meeting of Association for Computational Linguistics, 2004. [PDF]

Steels, L. Gallery Structure Formation in Conleyborus scarabaeoides. In Schaal, S, A.J. Ijspeert, A. Billard, S. Vijayakumar, J. Hallam and J-A. Meyer, editor, Proceedings of Eighth International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, vol. 8, 2004. The MIT Press, Cambridge Ma.. [PDF]

Steels, L. and J-C. Baillie Evolving grounded communication for robots. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7(7):308-312 July 2003. [PDF]

Steels, L. Language-reentrance and the Ínner Voice'. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 10(4-5):173-185 2003. [PDF]

Steels, L. Intelligence with representation. Phil Trans Royal Soc Lond A., 361(1811):2381 - 2395 October 2003. [PDF]

De Jong, E.D. and L. Steels A Distributed Learning Algorithm for Communication Development. Complex Systems, 14(4-5):315-334 2003. [PDF]

Manuel, T.L. Creating a Robot Culture: An Interview with Luc Steels. IEEE Intelligent Systems, pages 59-61, May/June 2003. [PDF]

Steels, L. Social Language learning. pages 133-162, IOS Press. Amsterdam, 2003. [PDF]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Bootstrapping grounded word semantics. In Briscoe, T., editor, Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models, pages 53-73, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, 2002.

Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and Van Looveren, J. Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning. In Wray, A., editor, The Transition to Language, pages 252-271, Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK, 2002. [PDF]

Steels, L. Iterated Learning versus Language Games. Two models for cultural language evolution. In Hemelrijk, C., editor, Proceedings of the International Workshop of Self-Organization and Evolution of Social Behaviour, 2002. University of Zurich [PDF]

Steels, L. Social learning and verbal communication with humanoid robots. Proceedings of the IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, pages 335-342, 2001.

Steels, L. The role of language in learning grounded representations. In Cohen, P., editor, Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Grounding, Anaheim, CA., 2001. AAAI Press.

Steels, L. Grounding symbols through evolutionary language games. In Cangelosi, A. and Parisi, D., editor, Simulating the evolution of language, pages 211-226, Springer Verlag. London, 2001.

Steels, L. Social and cultural learning in the evolution of human communication. In Kimbrough Oller, D. and Griebel, U. and Plunkett, K., editor, Evolution of communication systems : A comparative approach, the MIT Press. Cambridge, MA, 2001.

Steels, L. Evolutionary linguistics and Artificial life. Vie Artificielle, 1(1), 2001.

Steels, L. Social learning and language acquisition. In McFarland, D. and Holland, O. and Melhuish, C., editor, Inanimate Sociality, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 2001.

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. AIBO's first words: The social learning of language and meaning. Evolution of Communication, 4(1):3-32 2001. [PDF]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. AIBO's first words: The social learning of language and meaning. Evolution of Communication, 4(1):3-32 2001. [PS]

Steels, L. Social learning and language acquisition. In McFarland, D. and Holland, O., editor, Social robots, Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK, 2001.

Steels, L. Language games for autonomous robots. IEEE Intelligent systems, pages 17-22, October 2001.

Steels, L. The methodology of the artificial. Behavioral and brain sciences, 24(6), 2001.

Kaplan, F. and Steels, L. Comment les robots construisent leur monde : Experiences sur la convergence des catégories sensorielles. In Dessalles, J-L., editor, Journée ARC Evolution et Cognition, pages 13-18, December 2000. ENST Paris, ENST 2000-S-004. [PDF]

Steels, Luc Language as a Complex Adaptive System. In Schoenauer, M., editor, Proceedings of PPSN VI, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Germany, September 2000. Springer-Verlag. [PS]

Steels, Luc Language as a Complex Adaptive System. In Schoenauer, M., editor, Proceedings of PPSN VI, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Germany, September 2000. Springer-Verlag. [PDF]

Steels, Luc The Emergence of Grammar in Communicating Autonomous Robotic Agents. In Horn, W., editor, Proceedings of ECAI 2000, pages 764-769, Amsterdam, August 2000. IOS Publishing. [PS]

Steels, Luc The Emergence of Grammar in Communicating Autonomous Robotic Agents. In Horn, W., editor, Proceedings of ECAI 2000, pages 764-769, Amsterdam, August 2000. IOS Publishing. [PDF]

Steels, L. A brain for language. Proceedings of the 3rd Sony CSL Paris Symposium: The ecological brain, Paris, 2000.

Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and van Looveren, J. Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning. In Dessalles, J-L. and Ghadakpour, L., editor, Proceedings of The 3rd Evolution of Language Conference, pages 214-217, Paris, 2000. ENST 2000 S 002. [HTML]

Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and van Looveren, J. Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning. In Dessalles, J-L. and Ghadakpour, L., editor, Proceedings of The 3rd Evolution of Language Conference, pages 214-217, Paris, 2000. ENST 2000 S 002. [PDF]

Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and van Looveren, J. Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning. In Dessalles, J-L. and Ghadakpour, L., editor, Proceedings of The 3rd Evolution of Language Conference, pages 214-217, Paris, 2000. ENST 2000 S 002. [PS]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Origine et évolution du langage : expériences robotiques. Revue du Palais de la Découverte, 278:63-67 May 2000.

Steels, L. and Oudeyer, P-Y. The cultural evolution of syntactic constraints in phonology. Proceedings of the VIIth Artificial life conference (Alife 7), MIT Press, 2000. [PS]

Steels, Luc Mirror Neurons and the Action Theory of Language Origins. Architectures of the Mind, Architectures of the Brain, September 2000. [PDF]

Steels, Luc Mirror Neurons and the Action Theory of Language Origins. Architectures of the Mind, Architectures of the Brain, September 2000. [PS]

McIntyre, A., Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Net-mobile embodied agents. Proceedings of Sony Research Forum 1999, Tokyo, 1999.

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Collective learning and semiotic dynamics. In Floreano, D. and Nicoud, J-D and Mondada, F., editor, Advances in Artificial Life (ECAL 99), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1674, pages 679-688, Berlin, 1999. Springer-Verlag. [PDF]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Collective learning and semiotic dynamics. In Floreano, D. and Nicoud, J-D and Mondada, F., editor, Advances in Artificial Life (ECAL 99), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1674, pages 679-688, Berlin, 1999. Springer-Verlag. [PS]

Steels, L. The Talking Heads Experiment. Volume 1. Words and Meanings. Antwerpen, 1999.

Steels, L. and McIntyre, A. Spatially Distributed Naming Games. Advances in complex systems, 1(4), January 1999. [PS]

Steels, L. and McIntyre, A. Spatially Distributed Naming Games. Advances in complex systems, 1(4), January 1999. [PDF]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Amorçage d'une sémantique lexicale dans une population d'agents autonomes, ancrés et situés. In Amsili, P., editor, Traitement automatique du langage naturel 1999, pages 393-398, Cargèse, Corse, 1999. [PDF]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Situated grounded word semantics. In Dean, T., editor, Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI'99, pages 862-867, San Francisco, CA., 1999. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. [PDF]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Situated grounded word semantics. In Dean, T., editor, Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI'99, pages 862-867, San Francisco, CA., 1999. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. [PS]

Steels, L. The puzzle of language evolution. Kognitionswissenschaft, 8(4), 1999. [PDF]

Steels, L. The puzzle of language evolution. Kognitionswissenschaft, 8(4), 1999. [PS]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Bootstrapping grounded word semantics. In Briscoe, T., editor, Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK, 1999. [PDF]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Bootstrapping grounded word semantics. In Briscoe, T., editor, Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK, 1999. [PS]

Kaplan, F., Steels, L. and McIntyre, A. An architecture for evolving robust shared communication systems in noisy environments. Proceedings of Sony Research Forum 1998, Tokyo, 1998.

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Spontaneous Lexicon Change. Proceedings of COLING-ACL 1998, pages 1243-1249, Montreal, August 1998. ACL. [PS]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Spontaneous Lexicon Change. Proceedings of COLING-ACL 1998, pages 1243-1249, Montreal, August 1998. ACL. [PDF]

Steels, L. Structural Coupling of Cognitive Memories Through Adaptive Language Games. In Pfeifer, R. and Blumberg, B. and Meyer, J-A and Wilson, S., editor, From Animals to Animats 5: Proceedings of SAB 98, pages 263-269, Cambridge, CA, 1998. The MIT Press.

Steels, L. The origins of syntax in visually grounded robotic agents.. Artificial Intelligence, 103:1-24 1998. [PS]

Steels, L. The origins of syntax in visually grounded robotic agents.. Artificial Intelligence, 103:1-24 1998. [PDF]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Stochasticity as a Source of Innovation in Language Games. In Adami, C. and Belew, R. and Kitano, H. and Taylor, C., editor, Proceedings of Artificial Life VI, pages 368-376, Cambridge, MA, June 1998. The MIT Press. [PS]

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Stochasticity as a Source of Innovation in Language Games. In Adami, C. and Belew, R. and Kitano, H. and Taylor, C., editor, Proceedings of Artificial Life VI, pages 368-376, Cambridge, MA, June 1998. The MIT Press. [PDF]

Steels, L. The Origins of Ontologies and Communication Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems. Journal of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 1(1), 1997.

Steels, L. The Spontaneous Self-organization of an Adaptive Language. In Muggleton, S., editor, Machine Intelligence 15, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 1997. [PS]

Steels, L. The Spontaneous Self-organization of an Adaptive Language. In Muggleton, S., editor, Machine Intelligence 15, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 1997. [PDF]

Steels, L. The Synthetic Modeling of Language Origins. Evolution of Communication Journal, 1(1):1-34 1997. [PS]

Steels, L. The Synthetic Modeling of Language Origins. Evolution of Communication Journal, 1(1):1-34 1997. [PDF]

Steels, L. The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents. In Pollack, M., editor, Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, San Francisco, CA., 1997. Morgan Kauffman Publishers. [PS]

Steels, L. The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents. In Pollack, M., editor, Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, San Francisco, CA., 1997. Morgan Kauffman Publishers. [PDF]

Steels, L. and Vogt, P. Ancrage de Jeux de Langage Adaptatifs dans des Agents Robotiques. In Ali Cherif, A. and Signorini, J., editor, Intelligence Artificielle et Complexité, Paris, 1997.

Steels, L. and Vogt, P. Grounding Adaptive Language Games in Robotic Agents. In Harvey, I. and Husbands, P., editor, Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Artificial Life, Cambridge, MA, 1997. The MIT Press. [PS]

Steels, L. and Vogt, P. Grounding Adaptive Language Games in Robotic Agents. In Harvey, I. and Husbands, P., editor, Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Artificial Life, Cambridge, MA, 1997. The MIT Press. [PDF]

Steels, L. Language Learning and Language Contact. In Daelemans, W. and Van den Bosh, A. and Weijters, A., editor, Workshop Notes of the ECML/MLnet Familiarization Workshop on Empirical Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks, pages 11-24, ECML/MLnet. Prague, 1997. [PS]

Steels, L. Language Learning and Language Contact. In Daelemans, W. and Van den Bosh, A. and Weijters, A., editor, Workshop Notes of the ECML/MLnet Familiarization Workshop on Empirical Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks, pages 11-24, ECML/MLnet. Prague, 1997. [PDF]

Steels, L. Constructing and Sharing Perceptual Distinctions. In van Someren, M. and Widmer, G., editor, Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning, Berlin, 1997. Springer-Verlag. [PS]

Steels, L. Constructing and Sharing Perceptual Distinctions. In van Someren, M. and Widmer, G., editor, Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning, Berlin, 1997. Springer-Verlag. [PDF]

Steels, L. Synthesising the Origins of Language and Meaning Using Co-evolution, Self-organisation and Level formation. In Hurford, J. and Knight, C. and Studdert-Kennedy, M., editor, Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive bases, Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh, 1997. [PS]

Steels, L. Synthesising the Origins of Language and Meaning Using Co-evolution, Self-organisation and Level formation. In Hurford, J. and Knight, C. and Studdert-Kennedy, M., editor, Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive bases, Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh, 1997. [PDF]

Steels, L. Self-Organizing Vocabularies. In Langton, C. and Shimohara, T., editor, Proceeding of Alife V, Cambridge, MA, 1996. The MIT Press. [PS]

Steels, L. Emergent Adaptive Lexicons. In Maes, P. and Mataric, M. and Meyer, J.-A. and Pollack, J. and Wilson, S.W., editor, From Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference On Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, Cambridge, MA, 1996. The MIT Press. [PS]

Steels, L. Perceptually Grounded Meaning Creation. In Tokoro, M., editor, Proceedings of the International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1996. The MIT Press. [PS]

Steels, L. A self-organizing spatial vocabulary. Artificial Life Journal, 2(3), 1996. [PS]

Steels, L. The Artificial Life Roots of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Life Journal, 1(1):89-125 1994.

Steels, L. and Brooks, R. The `artificial life' route to `artificial intelligence'. Building Situated Embodied Agents.. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass, New Haven, 1994.

Steels, L. and J-C. Baillie Evolving grounded communication for robots. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7(7):308-312 July 0.

Steels, L. The Architecture of Flow. In Tokoro, M. and L. Steels, editor, A Learning Zone of Oneś Own, IOS Press. 0.

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